U Seiler, Periodic changes of the angular momentum budget due to the tides of the world ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 10287, 1991.
R S Gross, The effect of ocean tides on the Earth's rotation as predicted by the results of an ocean tide model, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 293, 1993.
Seiler's model of the ocean tides is a purely numerical model. No tidal observations were used in its solution. Seiler solved Laplace's tidal equations on a global finite-difference grid using time-stepping methods. Dissipation was effected by quadratic bottom drag and a turbulent eddy viscosity.
The Earth-rotation data given here are extracted directly from the above reference by Gross (1993), who computed the data from Seiler's previously published estimates of angular momentum. Amplitude and Greenwich phase lag are given for major tidal constituents, decomposed into parts due to tidal heights and to tidal currents.
Each pair of numbers below is an amplitude and a phase lag. Amplitude units for UT are microseconds. Amplitude units for polar motion are microarcseconds. Phase units are degrees.
TIDAL VARIATIONS IN UT1
M2 S2 N2
----- ----- -----
Tidal currents 41.9 221 24.7 248 7.6 230
Tidal heights 8.5 6 7.9 40 0.2 337
TOTAL 35.3 230 18.1 260 7.5 231
K1 O1 P1
----- ----- -----
Tidal currents 17.2 53 24.2 24 6.4 55
Tidal heights 1.5 35 11.1 17 0.9 93
TOTAL 18.7 52 35.2 22 7.1 59
Mf Mm
----- -----
Tidal currents 10.3 7.8 5.4 1.3
Tidal heights 90.8 285.8 106.9 280.7
TOTAL 92.8 292.1 108.0 283.5
TIDAL VARIATIONS IN PROGRADE POLAR MOTION
M2 S2 N2
----- ----- -----
Tidal currents 144. 87 46.8 72 29.1 91
Tidal heights 56. 231 16.2 258 16.6 223
TOTAL 105. 105 30.7 68 21.9 126
K1 O1 P1
----- ----- -----
Tidal currents 64. 40 42. 223 27.5 49
Tidal heights 120. 82 217. 71 30.2 82
TOTAL 172. 68 181. 78 55.3 67
Mf Mm
----- -----
Tidal currents 52.7 233 45.6 253
Tidal heights 3.9 263 7.6 264
TOTAL 56.1 235 53.0 254
TIDAL VARIATIONS IN RETROGRADE POLAR MOTION
M2 S2 N2
----- ----- -----
Tidal currents 303 226 261 277 32 230
Tidal heights 82 342 53 46 15 294
TOTAL 303 240 232 287 40 249
K1 O1 P1
----- ----- -----
Tidal currents 76 274 71 234 37 298
Tidal heights 8910 148 45 142 912 151
TOTAL 8865 148 83 201 881 153
Mf Mm
----- -----
Tidal currents 31.1 17 34.0 349
Tidal heights 36.7 116 35.8 65
TOTAL 44.0 72 55.0 28